Indapamide Sandoz may be available in the countries listed below.
Indapamide is reported as an ingredient of Indapamide Sandoz in the following countries:
International Drug Name Search
sye-kloe-PIR-ox
In the U.S.
Available Dosage Forms:
Therapeutic Class: Antifungal
Ciclopirox is used to treat infections caused by fungus. It works by killing the fungus or preventing its growth.
Ciclopirox cream, gel, or lotion are applied to the skin to treat:
Ciclopirox gel or shampoo may also be applied to the scalp to treat seborrheic dermatitis.
Ciclopirox topical solution (nail lacquer) is applied to the nails to treat ringworm of the nails (tinea unguium).
Ciclopirox is available only with your doctor's prescription.
In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For ciclopirox, the following should be considered:
Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to ciclopirox or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.
Studies on ciclopirox have been done only in adult patients, and there is no specific information comparing use of ciclopirox in children under the age of 10 with use in other age groups.
Many medicines have not been studied specifically in older people. Therefore, it may not be known whether they work exactly the same way they do in younger adults. Although there is no specific information comparing use of ciclopirox in the elderly with use in other age groups, ciclopirox is not expected to cause different side effects or problems in older people than it does in younger adults.
Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. Tell your healthcare professional if you are taking any other prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicine.
Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.
For patients using the cream, gel, or lotion form of ciclopirox:
For patients using the shampoo form of ciclopirox:
For patients using the topical solution form of ciclopirox:
When ciclopirox is used to treat certain types of fungus infections of the skin, an occlusive dressing (airtight covering, such as kitchen plastic wrap) should not be applied over the medicine. To do so may irritate the skin. Do not apply an airtight covering over ciclopirox unless you have been directed to do so by your doctor.
To help clear up your infection completely, it is very important that you keep using ciclopirox for the full time of treatment , even if your symptoms begin to clear up after a few days. Since fungus infections may be very slow to clear up, you may have to continue using ciclopirox every day for several weeks or more. If you stop using ciclopirox too soon, your symptoms may return. Do not miss any doses .
The dose of ciclopirox will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of ciclopirox. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.
The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.
If you miss a dose of ciclopirox, apply it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule.
Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.
Keep out of the reach of children.
Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.
If your skin problem does not improve within 2 to 4 weeks, or if it becomes worse, check with your doctor.
Inform your doctor right away if the area where you applied the medicine shows signs of increased irritation (e.g., redness, itching, burning, blistering, swelling, or oozing) because it could be an allergic reaction.
Nail problems treated with the topical solution form of ciclopirox may take up to 6 months to start improving.
To help clear up your infection completely and to help make sure it does not return, good health habits are also required. The following measures will help reduce chafing and irritation and will also help keep the area cool and dry.
If you have any questions about these measures, check with your health care professional.
Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.
Check with your doctor as soon as possible if any of the following side effects occur:
Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:
Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
See also: ciclopirox Topical side effects (in more detail)
The information contained in the Thomson Reuters Micromedex products as delivered by Drugs.com is intended as an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatment. It is not a substitute for a medical exam, nor does it replace the need for services provided by medical professionals. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before taking any prescription or over the counter drugs (including any herbal medicines or supplements) or following any treatment or regimen. Only your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist can provide you with advice on what is safe and effective for you.
The use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products is at your sole risk. These products are provided "AS IS" and "as available" for use, without warranties of any kind, either express or implied. Thomson Reuters Healthcare and Drugs.com make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, usefulness or completeness of any of the information contained in the products. Additionally, THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE OPINIONS OR OTHER SERVICE OR DATA YOU MAY ACCESS, DOWNLOAD OR USE AS A RESULT OF USE OF THE THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. Thomson Reuters Healthcare does not assume any responsibility or risk for your use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products.
Generic Name: miconazole (Topical route)
mye-KON-a-zole
In the U.S.
Available Dosage Forms:
Therapeutic Class: Antifungal
Chemical Class: Imidazole
Miconazole belongs to the group of medicines called antifungals. Topical miconazole is used to treat some types of fungus infections.
Some of these preparations may be available without a prescription.
In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For this medicine, the following should be considered:
Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to this medicine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.
Although there is no specific information comparing use of topical miconazole in children with use in other age groups, this medicine is not expected to cause different side effects or problems in children than it does in adults.
Many medicines have not been studied specifically in older people. Therefore, it may not be known whether they work exactly the same way they do in younger adults. Although there is no specific information comparing use of topical miconazole in the elderly with use in other age groups, this medicine is not expected to cause different side effects or problems in older people than it does in younger adults.
Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. Tell your healthcare professional if you are taking any other prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicine.
Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.
This section provides information on the proper use of a number of products that contain miconazole. It may not be specific to Triple Care EPC. Please read with care.
Keep this medicine away from the eyes.
Apply enough miconazole to cover the affected area, and rub in gently.
To use the aerosol powder form of miconazole:
To use the aerosol solution form of miconazole:
To use the powder form of miconazole:
When miconazole is used to treat certain types of fungus infections of the skin, an occlusive dressing (airtight covering, such as kitchen plastic wrap) should not be applied over this medicine. To do so may cause irritation of the skin. Do not apply an occlusive dressing over this medicine unless you have been directed to do so by your doctor.
To help clear up your infection completely, keep using this medicine for the full time of treatment, even if your condition has improved. Do not miss any doses.
The dose of this medicine will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of this medicine. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.
The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.
If you miss a dose of this medicine, apply it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule.
Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.
Store the canister at room temperature, away from heat and direct light. Do not freeze. Do not keep this medicine inside a car where it could be exposed to extreme heat or cold. Do not poke holes in the canister or throw it into a fire, even if the canister is empty.
Keep out of the reach of children.
Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.
If your skin problem does not improve within 4 weeks, or if it becomes worse, check with your health care professional.
Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.
Check with your doctor as soon as possible if any of the following side effects occur:
Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
The information contained in the Thomson Reuters Micromedex products as delivered by Drugs.com is intended as an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatment. It is not a substitute for a medical exam, nor does it replace the need for services provided by medical professionals. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before taking any prescription or over the counter drugs (including any herbal medicines or supplements) or following any treatment or regimen. Only your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist can provide you with advice on what is safe and effective for you.
The use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products is at your sole risk. These products are provided "AS IS" and "as available" for use, without warranties of any kind, either express or implied. Thomson Reuters Healthcare and Drugs.com make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, usefulness or completeness of any of the information contained in the products. Additionally, THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE OPINIONS OR OTHER SERVICE OR DATA YOU MAY ACCESS, DOWNLOAD OR USE AS A RESULT OF USE OF THE THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. Thomson Reuters Healthcare does not assume any responsibility or risk for your use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products.
Class: Anticonvulsants, Miscellaneous
VA Class: CN400
Chemical Name: 1-(Aminomethyl)-cyclohexaneacetic acid
Molecular Formula: C9H17NO2
CAS Number: 60142-96-3
Brands: Neurontin
Special Alerts:
[UPDATE 05/05/2009] FDA notified healthcare professionals that it approved updated labeling for antiepileptic drugs used to treat epilepsy, psychiatric disorders, and other conditions (e.g., migraine and neuropathic pain syndromes). FDA also required development of a medication guide, to be issued to patients each time the product is dispensed. Since issuing safety alerts on December 16, 2008 and January 31, 2008, FDA has been working with the manufacturers of drugs in this class to better understand the suicidality risk. Eleven antiepileptic drugs were included in a pooled analysis of placebo-controlled clinical studies in which these drugs were used to treat epilepsy as well as psychiatric disorders and other conditions. The increased risk of suicidal thoughts or behavior was generally consistent among the eleven drugs, with varying mechanisms of action and across a range of indications. This observation suggests that the risk applies to all antiepileptic drugs used for any indication.
The drugs included in the analyses include (some of these drugs are also available in generic form):
Carbamazepine (marketed as Carbatrol, Equetro, Tegretol, Tegretol XR)
Felbamate (marketed as Felbatol)
Gabapentin (marketed as Neurontin)
Lamotrigine (marketed as Lamictal)
Levetiracetam (marketed as Keppra)
Oxcarbazepine (marketed as Trileptal)
Pregabalin (marketed as Lyrica)
Tiagabine (marketed as Gabitril)
Topiramate (marketed as Topamax)
Valproate (marketed as Depakote, Depakote ER, Depakene, Depacon)
Zonisamide (marketed as Zonegran)
For more information visit the FDA website at: and .
[UPDATE 12/16/2008] The FDA has completed its analysis of reports of suicidality (suicidal behavior or ideation [thoughts]) from placebo-controlled clinical trials of drugs used to treat epilepsy, psychiatric disorders, and other conditions. Based on the outcome of this review, FDA is requiring that all manufacturers of drugs in this class include a Warning in their labeling and develop a Medication Guide to be provided to patients prescribed these drugs to inform them of the risks of suicidal thoughts or actions.
For more information visit the FDA website at: and .
[Posted 01/31/2008] FDA informed healthcare professionals that the Agency has analyzed reports of suicidality (suicidal behavior or ideation) from placebo-controlled clinical studies of eleven drugs used to treat epilepsy as well as psychiatric disorders, and other conditions. In the FDA’s analysis, patients receiving antiepileptic drugs had approximately twice the risk of suicidal behavior or ideation (0.43%) compared to patients receiving placebo (0.22%). The increased risk of suicidal behavior and suicidal ideation was observed as early as one week after starting the antiepileptic drug and continued through 24 weeks. The results were generally consistent among the eleven drugs. The relative risk for suicidality was higher in patients with epilepsy compared to patients who were given one of the drugs in the class for psychiatric or other conditions.
Healthcare professionals should closely monitor all patients currently taking or starting any antiepileptic drug for notable changes in behavior that could indicate the emergence or worsening of suicidal thoughts or behavior or depression.
The drugs included in the analyses include (some of these drugs are also available in generic form):
Carbamazepine (marketed as Carbatrol, Equetro, Tegretol, Tegretol XR)
Felbamate (marketed as Felbatol)
Gabapentin (marketed as Neurontin)
Lamotrigine (marketed as Lamictal)
Levetiracetam (marketed as Keppra)
Oxcarbazepine (marketed as Trileptal)
Pregabalin (marketed as Lyrica)
Tiagabine (marketed as Gabitril)
Topiramate (marketed as Topamax)
Valproate (marketed as Depakote, Depakote ER, Depakene, Depacon)
Zonisamide (marketed as Zonegran)
Although the 11 drugs listed above were the ones included in the analysis, FDA expects that the increased risk of suicidality is shared by all antiepileptic drugs and anticipates that the class labeling changes will be applied broadly. For more information visit the FDA website at: and .
REMS:
FDA approved a REMS for gabapentin to ensure that the benefits of a drug outweigh the risks. However, FDA later rescinded REMS requirements. See the FDA REMS page () or the ASHP REMS Resource Center ().
Anticonvulsant; structurally related to the inhibitory CNS neurotransmitter GABA.1 4 6 7 8 9
Pending revision, the material in this section should be considered in light of more recently available information in the MedWatch notification at the beginning of this monograph.
Management (in combination with other anticonvulsants) of partial seizures with or without secondary generalization in adults and children >12 years of age.1 2 8 9
Management (in combination with other anticonvulsants) of partial seizures in children 3–12 years of age.1
Management of postherpetic neuralgia in adults.1 20 21 22 23 24 38 39 40
Treatment of pain associated with diabetic neuropathy†.20 21 22 23 24 25 40 41 42 43 44 45 40% of patients who receive gabapentin for pain associated with diabetic neuropathy obtain good pain relief.40
Some evidence of benefit for the relief of chronic neurogenic pain† in a variety of conditions including trigeminal neuralgia†,20 21 46 47 pain and control of paroxysmal symptoms of multiple sclerosis†,20 21 48 49 complex regional pain syndromes†,20 52 53 HIV-related peripheral neuropathy†,20 21 50 and neuropathic pain associated with cancer†.20 21 51 Also has been used in the treatment of restless legs syndrome†.26 27 28 Additional study needed to further elucidate precise role in the management of these conditions.
Has been used for the management of vasomotor symptoms (e.g., hot flashes) in women with breast cancer†.30
Has been used for the management of vasomotor symptoms (e.g., hot flashes) associated with menopause†.31 34 54
Monitoring of plasma gabapentin concentrations is not necessary to optimize therapy.1 Because addition of gabapentin to existing anticonvulsant therapy does not appreciably alter steady-state plasma concentrations of concomitantly administered anticonvulsants, additional monitoring of plasma concentrations of anticonvulsants generally is not necessary.1 (See Specific Drugs under Interactions.)
Discontinuance of gabapentin and/or addition of an alternative anticonvulsant drug to therapy should be done gradually over ≥1 week.1
Administer orally without regard to meals.1
If Neurontin film-coated scored tablets containing 600 or 800 mg of gabapentin are to be used in patients requiring a 300- or 400-mg dose, divide the tablet in half to allow administration of the appropriate dose.1 Instruct patients to take one-half tablet and to use the remaining half-tablet for the next dose.1 Half-tablets that are not used within several days should be discarded.1
Administer orally 3 times daily.1 The interval between doses in this schedule should not exceed 12 hours.1
Pending revision, the material in this section should be considered in light of more recently available information in the MedWatch notification at the beginning of this monograph.
Children 3–12 years of age: Initially, 10–15 mg/kg daily in 3 divided doses.1 Maintenance dosage of 40 mg/kg daily in 3 divided doses for children 3 or 4 years of age and 25–35 mg/kg daily in 3 divided doses for children 5–12 years of age.1
Children >12 years of age: Initially, 300 mg 3 times daily.1 Maintenance dosage of 900 mg to 1.8 g daily in 3 divided doses.1
Initially, 300 mg 3 times daily.1 Maintenance dosage of 900 mg to 1.8 g daily in 3 divided doses.1
300 mg on the first day, 300 mg twice daily on the second day, and 300 mg 3 times daily on the third day.1 Increase dosage as needed for relief of pain up to a total daily dosage of 1.8 g in 3 divided doses.1 No evidence of additional benefit with dosages >1.8 g daily.1
Dosages of 900 mg to 3.6 g daily have been used; however, pain relief generally observed in patients receiving dosages >1.8 g daily.24 25
300 mg 3 times daily has been effective; higher dosages may provide additional benefit.30 31 37
Children 3–12 years of age: Dosages up to 50 mg/kg daily in divided doses have been tolerated as adjunctive therapy in the management of partial seizures.1
Children >12 years of age: Dosage of 3.6 g daily has been tolerated as adjunctive therapy in the management of partial seizures.1
Dosage of 3.6 g daily has been tolerated as adjunctive therapy in the management of partial seizures.1
Not studied in children <12 years of age with renal impairment.1
In adults and children ≥12 years of age, base dosage on measured or estimated Clcr:1 16
aIn patients with Clcr <15 mL/min, reduce dosage proportionally (e.g., a patient with a Clcr of 7.5 mL/min should receive one-half the dosage that a patient with a Clcr of 15 mL/min should receive).
bGive maintenance doses based on Clcr, with supplemental doses (125–350 mg) given after each 4-hour hemodialysis session.1
Clcr (mL/min) | Total Daily Dosage (mg/day) | Dosage Regimen |
|---|---|---|
≥60 | 900–3600 | 300 –1200 mg 3 times daily |
30–59 | 400–1400 | 200 –700 mg twice daily |
15–29 | 200–700 | 200 –700 mg once daily |
15a | 100–300 | 100 –300 mg once daily |
ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis | — | 125–350 mgb |
Select dosage carefully, usually initiating therapy at the low end of the dosage range.1 Adjust dosage based on Clcr.1
Known hypersensitivity to gabapentin or any ingredient in the formulation.1
Pending revision, the material in this section should be considered in light of more recently available information in the MedWatch notification at the beginning of this monograph.
Pending revision, the material in this section should be considered in light of more recently available information in the MedWatch notification at the beginning of this monograph.
Emotional lability (primarily behavioral problems), hostility (including aggressive behaviors), thought disorders (including concentration and school performance changes), and hyperkinesia (primarily restlessness and hyperactivity) associated with use in children 3–12 years of age with epilepsy.1
Abrupt withdrawal may result in increased seizure frequency; withdraw gabapentin gradually and reduce dosage slowly over ≥1 week.1
Not established whether incidence of status epilepticus (1.5% in controlled and uncontrolled trials of gabapentin) is higher or lower than would be expected in patients with epilepsy not treated with the drug.1
Unexpectedly high incidence of pancreatic acinar adenocarcinomas in male but not female rats.1 Clinical relevance unknown.1
Higher incidence of sudden and unexplained deaths than would be expected in a healthy (nonepileptic) population; however, incidence is within range of estimates for patients with epilepsy or refractory epilepsy.1
Category C.1
Distributed into milk; use only if potential benefits outweigh the risks.1
Safety and efficacy as adjunctive therapy in the management of partial seizures not established in children <3 years of age.1
Safety and efficacy for the management of postherpetic neuralgia not established in children.1
Insufficient experience with gabapentin for the management of partial seizures in patients ≥65 years of age to determine whether they respond differently than younger adults.1 Select dosage carefully.1 (See Geriatric Patients under Dosage and Administration.)
Appeared to be more effective for the management of postherpetic neuralgia in patients >75 years of age than in younger patients; apparent difference in efficacy may be related to decreased renal function in older patients.1
Adverse effects in older patients with postherpetic neuralgia generally similar to those in younger adults; however, the incidence of peripheral edema and ataxia appears to increase with age.1
Geriatric patients may have decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, with increased risk of adverse effects.1 16 Use with caution; renal function monitoring may be useful.1
Clearance decreased; adjust dosage in adults and children ≥12 years of age with renal impairment.1 (See Renal Impairment under Dosage and Administration.)
Use in children <12 years of age with renal impairment has not been studied.1
Children 3–12 years of age receiving gabapentin as adjunctive therapy for partial seizures: viral infection, fever, nausea and/or vomiting, somnolence, hostility.1
Adults and children >12 years of age receiving gabapentin as adjunctive therapy for partial seizures with or without secondary generalization: somnolence, dizziness, ataxia, fatigue, nystagmus.1
Adults receiving gabapentin for management of postherpetic neuralgia: dizziness, somnolence, peripheral edema.1
Not metabolized by CYP isoenzymes.1 Does not inhibit CYP isoenzymes 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, or 3A4 in vitro; causes slight inhibition of CYP2A6 at high concentrations.1
Drug | Interaction | Comments |
|---|---|---|
Antacids | Reduced bioavailability of gabapentin1 | Administer gabapentin at least 2 hours after antacid1 |
Anticonvulsants | Plasma concentrations of carbamazepine, phenytoin, valproic acid, phenobarbital, and diazepam in existing treatment regimens not affected by gabapentin;1 3 12 13 14 pharmacokinetics of gabapentin not affected by these drugs1 6 12 15 | |
Cimetidine | Possible decrease in gabapentin clearance 1 | Not likely to be clinically important1 |
Hydrocodone | Possible dose-dependent decrease in plasma concentrations of hydrocodone; possible increase in plasma concentrations of gabapentin1 | |
Morphine | Increase in plasma concentrations of gabapentin1 | Decrease in dosage of morphine or gabapentin may be required in patients with symptoms of CNS depression (e.g., somnolence)1 |
Naproxen | Increased bioavailability of gabapentin at subtherapeutic dosages of both drugs1 | Extent of interaction at usual therapeutic dosages is unknown1 |
Oral Contraceptives | Possible increase in peak plasma concentrations of norethindrone1 | Not likely to be clinically important1 |
Probenecid | No pharmacokinetic interaction observed1 |
Bioavailability of 60–27% for doses ranging from 900 mg to 4.8 g daily.1 Bioavailability is not dose proportional.1
Food increases extent of absorption and peak plasma concentration by 14%.1
Readily crosses the blood-brain barrier and concentrates in brain tissue.29 Distributed into breast milk.1 Not known whether gabapentin crosses the placenta.1
<3%.1
Not appreciably metabolized.1
Excreted renally as unchanged drug.1
5–7 hours.1
In children <5 years of age, clearance normalized for weight is higher than in adults and children ≥5 years of age.1
In patients with renal impairment, plasma clearance is decreased and half-life is prolonged.1 In patients with Clcr <30 mL/minute, half-life of 52 hours reported.1 In anuric patients, half-life reported to be 132 hours on nondialysis days and 3.8 hours during hemodialysis.1
25°C (may be exposed to 15–30°C).1
2–8°C.1
Mechanism of anticonvulsant action is unknown.1 4 5 7 8 9 Does not bind to GABA receptors,1 4 5 6 7 17 affect GABA reuptake or metabolism, 1 6 7 17 or act as a precursor of GABA or other substances active at GABA receptors.1 17
Mechanism of analgesic action is unknown.1 20 21 22 23 Prevents allodynia (pain-related behavior in response to normally innocuous stimuli) and hyperalgesia (exaggerated response to painful stimuli) in several animal models of neuropathic pain.1 20 Decreases pain-related responses after peripheral inflammation in animals; however, has not altered immediate pain-related behaviors.1 Clinical relevance of these findings is not known.1
Pending revision, the material in this section should be considered in light of more recently available information in the MedWatch notification at the beginning of this monograph.
Importance of taking gabapentin exactly as prescribed.1 Importance of not abruptly discontinuing therapy.1
Potential for drug to impair mental alertness or physical coordination; avoid driving or operating machinery until effects on individual are known.1
Importance of women informing clinicians if they are or plan to become pregnant or plan to breast-feed.1
Importance of informing clinicians of existing or contemplated concomitant therapy, including prescription and OTC drugs.1
Importance of informing patients of other important precautionary information. (See Cautions.)1
Excipients in commercially available drug preparations may have clinically important effects in some individuals; consult specific product labeling for details.
* available from one or more manufacturer, distributor, and/or repackager by generic (nonproprietary) name
Routes | Dosage Forms | Strengths | Brand Names | Manufacturer |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Oral | Capsules | 100 mg* | Gabapentin Capsules | Actavis, Apotex, Mutual, Ranbaxy, Sandoz, Teva |
Neurontin | Pfizer | |||
300 mg* | Gabapentin Capsules | Actavis, Apotex, Mutual, Ranbaxy, Sandoz, Teva | ||
Neurontin | Pfizer | |||
400 mg* | Gabapentin Capsules | Actavis, Apotex, Mutual, Ranbaxy, Sandoz, Teva | ||
Neurontin | Pfizer | |||
Solution | 250 mg/5 mL | Neurontin | Pfizer | |
Tablets | 100 mg* | Gabapentin Tablets | Greenstone, Ranbaxy, Teva | |
300 mg* | Gabapentin Tablets | Greenstone, Ranbaxy, Teva | ||
400 mg* | Gabapentin Tablets | Greenstone, Ranbaxy, Teva | ||
600 mg | Gabapentin Tablets | Teva | ||
800 mg | Gabapentin Tablets | Teva | ||
Tablets, film-coated | 600 mg | Gabapentin Tablets | Actavis | |
Neurontin | Pfizer | |||
800 mg | Gabapentin Tablets | Actavis | ||
Neurontin | Pfizer |
This pricing information is subject to change at the sole discretion of DS Pharmacy. This pricing information was updated 10/2011. Actual costs to patients will vary depending on the use of specific retail or mail-order locations and health insurance copays.
Gabapentin 100MG Capsules (AMNEAL PHARMACEUTICALS): 90/$43.99 or 270/$115.97
Gabapentin 250MG/5ML Solution (HI-TECH): 470/$139.99 or 1410/$399.96
Gabapentin 300MG Capsules (AMNEAL PHARMACEUTICALS): 90/$18.99 or 270/$170.96
Gabapentin 400MG Capsules (AMNEAL PHARMACEUTICALS): 90/$74.99 or 270/$209.98
Gabapentin 600MG Tablets (GLENMARK PHARMACEUTICALS): 90/$97.99 or 270/$248.97
Gabapentin 800MG Tablets (GLENMARK PHARMACEUTICALS): 90/$99.99 or 100/$107.97
Neurontin 100MG Capsules (PFIZER U.S.): 100/$93.99 or 300/$269.97
Neurontin 250MG/5ML Solution (PFIZER U.S.): 470/$172.99 or 1410/$475.97
Neurontin 300MG Capsules (PFIZER U.S.): 30/$69.99 or 90/$199.96
Neurontin 400MG Capsules (PFIZER U.S.): 30/$83.99 or 90/$245.97
Neurontin 600MG Tablets (PFIZER U.S.): 90/$396.98 or 100/$435.99
Neurontin 800MG Tablets (PFIZER U.S.): 90/$481.00 or 270/$1,399.96
This report on medications is for your information only, and is not considered individual patient advice. Because of the changing nature of drug information, please consult your physician or pharmacist about specific clinical use.
The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. and Drugs.com represent that the information provided hereunder was formulated with a reasonable standard of care, and in conformity with professional standards in the field. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. and Drugs.com make no representations or warranties, express or implied, including, but not limited to, any implied warranty of merchantability and/or fitness for a particular purpose, with respect to such information and specifically disclaims all such warranties. Users are advised that decisions regarding drug therapy are complex medical decisions requiring the independent, informed decision of an appropriate health care professional, and the information is provided for informational purposes only. The entire monograph for a drug should be reviewed for a thorough understanding of the drug's actions, uses and side effects. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. and Drugs.com do not endorse or recommend the use of any drug. The information is not a substitute for medical care.
AHFS Drug Information. © Copyright, 1959-2011, Selected Revisions October 27, 2011. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc., 7272 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, Maryland 20814.
† Use is not currently included in the labeling approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.
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3. Anon. Warner Lambert’s Neurontin approved for adjunctive therapy in epilepsy patients Dec 30; “1P” drug does not interact with other anticonvulsants. F-D-C Rep. 1994 Jan:11.
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28. Thorp MK, Morris DC, Bagby SP. A crossover study of gabapentin in treatment of restless legs syndrome among hemodialysis patients. Am J of Kidney Diseases. 2001;38:104-8.
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41. Gorson KC, Schott C, Herman R, Ropper AH. Gabapentin in the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy: a placebo controlled, double blind, crossover trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1999; 66 :251-2. (Letter) [PubMed 10071116]
42. Pérez HE, Sánchez GF. Gabapentin therapy for diabetic neuropathic pain. Am J Med. 2000; 108; 689. (Letter)
43. Simpson DA. Gabapentin and venlafaxine for the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy. J Clin Neuromusc Dis. 2001; 3:53-62.
44. Dallocchio C, Buffa C, Mazzarello P et al. Gabapentin vs. amitriptyline in painful diabetic neuropathy: an open-label pilot study. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2000; 20:280-5. [PubMed 11027910]
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peg-AD-e-mase BOE-vine
In the U.S.
Available Dosage Forms:
Therapeutic Class: Immune Stimulant
Pharmacologic Class: Enzyme
Pegademase contains an enzyme called adenosine deaminase (ADA). It is used to treat children who do not have a properly developed immune system because of a lack of ADA in the body.
Pegademase is to be given only by or under the supervision of your doctor.
In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For pegademase bovine, the following should be considered:
Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to pegademase bovine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.
Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated pediatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of pegademase in children.
No information is available on the relationship of age to the effects of pegademase in geriatric patients.
| Pregnancy Category | Explanation | |
|---|---|---|
| All Trimesters | C | Animal studies have shown an adverse effect and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women OR no animal studies have been conducted and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women. |
There are no adequate studies in women for determining infant risk when using this medication during breastfeeding. Weigh the potential benefits against the potential risks before taking this medication while breastfeeding.
Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are taking pegademase bovine, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.
Using pegademase bovine with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.
Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.
The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of pegademase bovine. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:
A nurse or other trained health professional will give you or your child pegademase bovine. pegademase bovine is given as a shot into one of your or your child's muscles.
You may be taught how to give pegademase bovine at home. Make sure you understand all instructions before giving yourself or your child an injection. Do not use more medicine or use it more often than your doctor tells you to.
The dose of pegademase bovine will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of pegademase bovine. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.
The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.
If you miss a dose of pegademase bovine, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.
Store in the refrigerator. Do not freeze.
Keep out of the reach of children.
Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.
Ask your healthcare professional how you should dispose of any medicine you do not use.
Throw away used needles in a hard, closed container that the needles cannot poke through. Keep this container away from children and pets.
It is very important that your doctor check you or your child's progress at regular visits to make sure that pegademase bovine is working properly. Blood tests may be needed to check for unwanted effects.
It is very important that you or your child should continue to receive treatment with pegademase. Treatment must be continued for life. Do not stop treatment with pegademase without checking with your doctor. If regular treatment is not continued, the immune system will break down and serious infections may occur.
Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.
Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:
Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:
Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
See also: pegademase bovine Intramuscular side effects (in more detail)
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The use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products is at your sole risk. These products are provided "AS IS" and "as available" for use, without warranties of any kind, either express or implied. Thomson Reuters Healthcare and Drugs.com make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, usefulness or completeness of any of the information contained in the products. Additionally, THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE OPINIONS OR OTHER SERVICE OR DATA YOU MAY ACCESS, DOWNLOAD OR USE AS A RESULT OF USE OF THE THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. Thomson Reuters Healthcare does not assume any responsibility or risk for your use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products.
Treating high blood pressure alone or along with other medicines. It is also used to treat salt and water retention (swelling) associated with congestive heart failure.
Indapamide is a diuretic. It works by causing the kidneys to eliminate large amounts of water and salts.
Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.
Some medical conditions may interact with Indapamide. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:
Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Indapamide. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following:
This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if Indapamide may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.
Use Indapamide as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.
Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Indapamide.
All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:
Back pain; constipation; diarrhea; dizziness or lightheadedness when siting up or standing; drowsiness; headache; nausea; nervousness; runny nose; trouble sleeping; upset stomach; vomiting; weakness.
Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); blurred vision; chest pain; dark urine; decreased urination or urination problems; dry mouth; fainting; fast heartbeat; fatigue; fever, chills, cough, or sore throat; increased thirst; loss of appetite; numbness of the hands or feet; pale stools; red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin; severe or persistent dizziness, drowsiness, or lightheadedness; severe stomach pain; swelling of the hands, ankles, or feet; symptoms of low blood potassium (eg, irregular heartbeat; muscle pain, weakness, or cramping); symptoms of low blood sodium (eg, confusion, mental or mood changes, seizures, sluggishness); unusual bruising or bleeding; unusual tiredness or weakness; yellowing of the skin or eyes.
This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.
See also: Indapamide side effects (in more detail)
Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately. Symptoms may include nausea; vomiting; weakness.
Store Indapamide at room temperature, between 68 and 77 degrees F (20 and 25 degrees C). Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep Indapamide out of the reach of children and away from pets.
This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about Indapamide. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.
